We cover the cv tier to see how it functions with geminates and arabic templatic morphology. Pairs of tiers are organized by association lines between. In kalabari, the inserted l keeps the preceding lh from merging with ll. Autosegmental phonology oxford research encyclopedia of linguistics an early sign that tones required a separate tier of representation was the phenomenon of tonal stability. The claim is not that articulatory phonology supports autosegmental phonology, rather, it is a factual recognition that artpho has a certain resemblance to autopho. It attempts to characterize changes within the boundary of a segment by factoring them out, putting them onto a different tier pp.
Implications of autosegmental analysis in the exploration. Autosegmental phonology is a nonlinear approach to phonology that allows phonological processes, such as tone and vowel harmony, to be independent of and extend beyond individual consonants and vowels. Autosegmental phonology ap, which revolutionized the approach to rules and. Change of segmental structure in autosegmental phonology the change of function within the syllable does not change the phonetic nature of the sound. These phenomena have been used to argue for autosegmental features c. Clements 1976 developed the theory involving vowel harmony and nasal harmony. Autosegmental phonology was initially developed in response to the challenge of developing an adequate theory of tone. Pattern of english into autosegmental phonology and prosodic morphology. Floating tones in autosegmental phonology this handout explains floating tone in anlo dialect of ewe, as presented in chapter 10 of odden 2005.
An autosegmental approach to intonation university of oxford. Goldsmiths book autosegmental and metrical phonology amp has two major purposes. Group 2 autosegmental and metrical phonology slp3 youtube. In traditional phonology, a phonological representation. View autosegmental phonology research papers on academia. First of all, it is an introduction to autosegmental, metrical, and lexical. As a result, the phonological processes may influence. Autosegmental phonology first edition by john goldsmith author isbn.
Some familiarity with the basic ideas of generative phonology, as can be gained from most linguistics textbooks such as fromkin and rodman 1974, is assumed, but no knowledge of current developments is presumed. Goldsmith 1981 proposed that english lexical stress could be characterised by a mhl autosegmental melody, in which the h tone corresponds with the strongest stress, marked with a. This theory proposes that the primitive elements of phonology features are not grouped together in unordered bundles segments, but that they lead their own. But most phonological changes are changes of phonetic structure. The premise of suprasegmental phonology qua approach is that we have segments, and things above the segment. Logic and the generative power of autosegmental phonology. The inadequacy of a linear model of segmental structure is clearly shown and in the process of arguing for an autosegmental model, the authors briefly cover such important concepts as tone melodies, contour tones, the. Phonology is the study of the sound systems of languages. Autosegmental phonology thus gave us the tools to express our insights. It used to be only the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages and therefore used to be also called phonemics, or phonematics, but it may also cover any linguistic analysis either at a level beneath the word including syllable, onset and. Using data taken from an experiment in which mandarin chinese tone sandhi the acknowledged rules governing specific tone shifts across segments is explored, a number. Expands the concept of the underlying form which is a purely theoretical concept that is thought to represent a mental reality behind the way people use language. In linear segmental phonology, there is no way to account for floating tone.
Autosegmental aims in surface optimizing phonology. It is an outgrowth of distinctive feature theory, and it represents a substantial departure from previous phonological theories. This is a thirdgeneration model of prosody and intonation. In preautosegmental phonology, the rule was often written informally as in 4c. What is meant by gestural score in autosegmental phonology. Autosegments are additional nasal, humming or throat sounds that overlay words in certain languages such as arabic and various african languages. Autosegmental phonology is a framework of phonological analysis proposed by john goldsmith in his phd thesis in 1976 at the massachusetts institute of technology mit as a theory of phonological representation, autosegmental phonology developed a formal account of ideas that had been sketched in earlier work by several linguists, notably bernard bloch 1948, charles hockett 1955 and j. Pierrehumbert universityofoxford feb16,2017 1 introduction in this volume, xu, promon and liu provide an overview of the recent work on the penta parallel encoding and target approximation model of prosody. Autosegmental phonology marc van oostendorp september, 2005 background in this class, we present an overview of some of the basic principles of autosegmental phonology. Leben 1973, these tone patterns were codified in the form of a small set of licensed autosegmental tone melodies, i. The sound patterns of language there are only a dozen or so features needed to describe every speech sound in every human language all the languages in the world sound so different because the way the languages use speech sounds to form patterns differs from language to language. In the past few years a great deal of attention has been paid to the representation of suprasegmental phenomena in phonology, with the resulting development of a number of partly competing theories and models of suprasegmental representation in particular, various versions of autosegmental phonology see, for example, goldsmith 1976.
Given that the tone is assumed to be part of the segment, there is no way to explain how a tone can exist but does not show up in some instances while the segment, of which it is part, shows up in all instances. Autosegmental spreading in optimality theory1 john j. Autosegmental phonology is a framework of phonological analysis proposed by john goldsmith in his phd thesis in 1976 at the massachusetts institute of. Typically, a central or skeletal tier consists of placeholders or timing slots. This barcode number lets you verify that youre getting exactly the right version or edition of a book. In essence, autosegmental phonology is a departure from the standardised treatment of phonemes as clearcut consonants and vowels. It sees phonology as compromising several tiers, each tier consisting of a linear arrangement of segments. The paper investigates the ideas of autosegmental phonology embodied in features and feature geometry from a formal perspective. The system was designed primarily with tonal systems in. Two prosodic units above the word level were defined. The current study examines the generative power of autosegmental phonology goldsmith, 1976, 1979, 1990 in the framework of formal language theory, with which we can study the computational complexity of phonological phenomena and formalisms independent of. Among these contributions is his formalization of the principles of autosegmental association.
Then john mccarthy 1979 built upon this theory extensively in the verbal derivation of classical arabic. The insights of leben 1973 and goldsmith 1979 s autosegmental theory provided an elegant way of capturing the behavior of phonological information which is not strictly attached to segments. This book sets out to explain developments in the field of nonlinear phonology that have taken place since the mid 1970s. Rather than restricting an analysis to a single linear representation and being unable to.
Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in spoken languages and signs in sign languages. Autosegmental phonology a nonlinear phonological theory proposed by john goldsmith was presented to account for tone phenomena in languages in which segmental features interact with varying tones. Rethinking autosegmental phonology cascadilla proceedings. If you did not understand oddens explanation, this should make it easier to understand.
Autosegmental phonology is the name of a framework of phonological analysis proposed by john goldsmith in his phd thesis in 1976 at the massachusetts institute of technology mit as a theory of phonological representation, autosegmental phonology developed a formal account of ideas that had been sketched in earlier work by several linguists, notably bernard bloch 1948, charles hockett. Autosegmental phonology goldsmith, 1979 is a theoretical framework for understanding the phonological effects of suprasegmentals such as tone, stress, etc. The autosegmental tier also skeletal tier contains the features that define the segments articulated in the phonological representation. This theory proposes that the primitive elements of phonology features are not grouped together in unordered bundles segments, but that they lead their own, independent lives. Out of the very wide range of sounds that the human vocal apparatus can produce, and which are studied by phonetics, only a relatively small number are used distinctively in any one language. Autosegmental aims in surface optimizing phonology rutgers.
Autosegmental phonology does not take the segment to be the. Autosegmentalmetrical phonology segmental description. This system allows linguists to easily test autosegmental hypotheses against a large corpus of data. Autosegmental and metrical phonology goldsmith, john a. This provides the formal semantics for an autosegmental phonology without structure. Its immediate source of inspiration was the work of williams 1971 and leben 1973. Autosegmental phonology these rules correctly derive the observed data. Turning to a trisyllabic word, we see in 5a that when the toneless causative suffix s. Introduction nick clementss contributions to phonological theory have profoundly influenced my own work as well as that of many others. A theory of phonology in which representations are viewed as consisting of independent tiers of units.
In most languages, the association process is lefttoright, 11, and iterative, so we assume the following. Liberman 1975 pursued the same approach to characterise english intonation more generally. In a nutshell, autosegmental phonology posits representations conforming to. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. In hausa, an unbroken string of h tones in a phonological phrase combine into a. Phonologytone wikibooks, open books for an open world. Floating tone in anlo take note of the following tonal minimal triplets. It can therefore be represented without referring to the feature properties of the sound. Tiv tone also presents arguments for autosegmental representations. As a key assumption of autosegmental phonology is that the tonal melody is autonomous from the segmental melody, there must be some way to associate tones to tonebearing units vowels.
The graphic representation is introduced in goldsmiths dissertation in 2 of ch. Actually, negating the difference between segmental and suprasegmental is what autosegmental phonology is all about see goldsmith 1976 and similar publications of the era. Phonological representations consist of parallel tiers of linearly organized segments. The autosegmental framework was originally used to describe tone in tone languages.
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